Academic research on financial inclusion.
Peer-reviewed and working papers that have shaped how we understand inclusion, microfinance, mobile money and digital credit.
The Foundations of Financial Inclusion: Understanding Ownership and Use of Formal Accounts
Analyses the determinants of financial inclusion across countries using Findex micro-data, with a focus on barriers facing the poor and women.
Mobile Money, Saving Behaviour, and Financial Inclusion
Long-run impact of M-PESA on household consumption, savings, labour-market choice, and poverty reduction in Kenya.
Microfinance and the Business of Poverty Reduction
Critical review of the microfinance promise, evidence on its impacts and the tensions between outreach and sustainability.
Digital Credit in Kenya: Evidence from Mobile-Loan Borrowers
Examines uptake, repayment and welfare impacts of digital nano-loans on the Kenyan mass market.
Financial Inclusion, Bank Concentration, and Firm Performance
Empirical analysis of how inclusive financial systems shape SME productivity in emerging markets.
Gender Gaps in Mobile Money Use: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Maps the persistent gender gap in account ownership and digital payments and proposes design interventions.
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